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 ¡ý¥á¥¿¥â¥Ç¥ë¡ÊThe Meta-model¡Ë
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Language skills: Meta model / precision / verbal package / Farrelley provocations

Historically,
the first model of NLP was the meta-model. The meta-model is, to the best of ourknowledge, the first complete verbal specification modelcreared for our species. By specification model, we are referring to the ability of a person receiving information toquickly and effectively get the provider of the information to ground¡Êor specify¡Ëwhat they intend by what theysay¡Ýin concrete terms. This method leads naturally to analignment of the internal maps of the members of the company applying it totheir verbal exchanges. These internal maps are thesource of the behaviors displayed by the members of the company.

The Verbal Package uses a syntactic method for identifying and challenging the missing and inadequately specified elements in any verbal communication, independent of content. Its purpose is to recover deleted elements in verbal behavior and to challenge the structure of the thinking and mapping patterns implicit in what people say. More simply, the point of the meta-model is to reconnect the linguistic representations with the experiences that these utterances purport to refer to. This is accomplished by identifying the syntactic structures generated in the speech patterns and to insist through precise questioning that the source of the information extracts from his or her internal maps the missing and poorly specified elements and make them concrete.

The meta-model was created in the early and mid-1970s by John Grinder and Richard Bandler. It has two offspring: the Precision Model¡Ê1980¡Ëby John Grinder and Mike McMasters and the Verbal Package by Carmen Bostic and John Grinder with a special focus on application in business contexts. Each of successors to the meta-model represents a simplification of the original meta-model, the Verbal Package is the most radical of these simplifications.

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A statement of a value judgment that omits who performed the judgment and how and it was made.
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Universal Ouantifiers


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Abroad generalization.
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Identify counter-examples to the limiting generalization.
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The purpose of recognizing deletions is to assist the client in restoring a fuller representation of his experiences. Deletion is a process which removes portions of the original experience (the world) or full linguistic representation (Deep Structure). The linguistic process of deletion is a transformational process ¡¼ the result of deletion transformations ¡¼ and a special case of the general modeling phenomenon of Deletion where in the model we create is reduced with respect to the thing being modeled. Deep Structure is the full linguistic representation. The representation of this representation is the Surface Structure ¡¼ the actual sentence that the client says to communicate his full linguistic model or Deep Structure. As native speakers of English, therapists have intuitions which allow them to determine whether the Surface Structure represents the full Deep Structure or not. Thus, by comparing the Surface Structure and the Deep Structure, the therapist can determine what is missing. 
¡ÊJohn Grinder & Richard Bandler¡ÖThe Structure of Magic¡×p.59¡Ë

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The Structure of Magic: A Book About Language and Therapy
John Grinder
Richard Bandler, 
Science & Behavior Books
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2013/12/04 ÉÔÆÃÄêÆ°»ì Unspecified Verb
2013/12/05 Èæ³ÓÂоݤκï½ü Comparative Deletions
2013/12/06 Ì¾»ì²½ Nominalization

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2013/12/08 É¬Í×À­¤Î½öË¡½õư»ì Modal operators of Necessity 
2013/12/09 ÉáÊ×Ū¿ôÎÌ»ì Universal Quantifiers 
2013/12/10 Á°Äó Presupposition 

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Deletion ¡¼ Grammatical and Ungrammatical


One of the three universal processes of human modeling is deletion. This process occurs at the neurological level, the social level and the levels of individual experience (see Magic­µ, Chapter 1, for more detailed discussion). Our sensory apparatus detects and reports on changes in the patterns of energy only within narrow ranges. For example, the human ear shows phenomenal amplitude sensitivity even to displacement of the eardrum the diameter of a hydrogen aotm (Noback, 1967, p.156). It responds to wavelengths only between 20 and 20,000 cycles per second. Thus, patterns of energy ¡¼ potential sounds ¡¼ above 20,000 cycles per second are not avaiable to us to assist us in organizing our experience. In other words, our nervous systems delete all of the patterns above 20,000 cycles per second.

At the level of patterning of language, transformational linguists have identified a number of specific patterens of deletion witch occur between the full linguistic representation ¡¼ Deep Structure ¡¼ and the actual sentences used by us in our communication ¡¼ Sueface Structure. 

¡ÊPatterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Volume­µ p.182-183¡Ë


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The Map Is Not the Territory


In the authors' experience, people who use hypnosis for medical, dental, or psychotherapeutic purposes seem more than any other single group to understand that we, as human beings, do not operate behaviorally 'directly' upon the world, but rather we operate through a map or model (a created representation) of what we 'believe' theworld to be. A thorough understanding of how people in general, and each clientin particular, create a representation of the world in which they live willyield the practitioner of hypnosis many advantages. Among these will be greater speed in trance induction, more success with a greater number of subjects, anddeeper trances. For additional study of the processes by which people create models of the world, were commend 'The Structure of MagicI and II'.

For our purposes here, we wish now to provide you with only a basic model of the processes by which people create models of the world.

First, the models that we as humans create will differ from the world of reality in three major ways. Some parts of our experience will be deleted, not represented in our model. This is both a necessary and sometimes impoverishing aspect of our modeling processes. If we tried to represent every piece of sensory input, we would be overwhelmed with data. However, when we fail to represent an important or vitala spect, the results can be devastating. In anyevent, we do delete parts of our experience when creating models of the world.These deletions, and all of the processes of modeling, go on all the time and, for the most part, without our conscious awareness.

The second way in which our model of the world will be different from the world itself is through distortions. Distortion is a modeling process which allows us to make shifts in ourexperience of sensory data. For example, we can fantasize a green cow, eventhough we have never experienced one with our senses, We can distort our experience and plan the future by imagining that it is now. This modeling process can be an asset or a liability, depending upon how it is used.

The third process of modeling is generalization. This is the process by which one element of our model of the world comes to represent an entire category of which it is only an example. This allows us to know that when weread a book, by moving our eves from left to right, we will be able to extractthe content. When we are confronted with a door just like any other door, even though we have not seen this particular door before, we make the assumption itwill open by the same process we have used before. Generalizations in our modelof the world allow us to operate more efficiently from context to context. Generalizational so allows us to keep recoding our experiences at higher levels of patterning.This makes possible the advances in knowledge and technology ¡Ý in all areas of human functioning. 
¡ÊPatterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Volume­µ, p.7-8¡Ë

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The Structure of Magic: A Book About Language and Therapy
John Grinder
Richard Bandler
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The meta model can, for example, be usefully understood to be an application of the modeling of linguistic patterning inspired by Transformational Grammar. 
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The Structure of Magic: A Book About Language and Therapy
John Grinder
Richard Bandler
Science & Behavior Books
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The Structure of Magic II: A Book About Communication and Change (Structure of Magic)
John Grinder
Richard Bandler
Science & Behavior Books
1975-08-01


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There is anumber of other applications where by the know-nothing-stat has excellent application and numerous advantages.


I, (Carmen Bostic St. Clair), was the Director of Mergers and Acquisitions for a major American corporation and for other entities for a number of years. In addition to the actual negotiation and final purchase of a proposed asset, my responsibilities typically included the due diligence preceding the negotiations. I considered the due diligence phase an integral element in negotiation. As such, I was quite systematic in making use not only of the standards required by such duediligence, but also by tapping less traditional sources of information about the potential asset, such as: disgruntled employees; customers who had defected to competitors; suppliers who had voluntarily terminated their supply contracts... I considered all this information not only essential to establish apurchase price which would meet the parameters my company had set for growth, but to prepare me for the next phase – negotiation.

 

I commenced each negotiation with an explicit strategy to purposely set aside the months of investigation and preparation the moment that I arrived at the site of the negotiation. I would enter the room in a know-nothing state – having clearedmyself, at the conscious level functioning, of the very information I had sodiligently developed. marked this know-nothing state for myself, by ritualistically locking my briefcase that contained the documentation, puttingit safely beyond temptation. This know-nothing strategy enabled me (as if anAikido master) to optimize my ability to detect and utilize the information being presented both consciously and unconsciously by the individuals sitting around the negotiating table.


This ability to suspend conscious filters without losing the benefits of the preparation is another example of the advantages involved in the development and deployment of the know-nothing state. 
This same know-nothing state played a critical role in creating the initial model of NLP(see chapter 1, Part II, Contexts of Discovery) – the meta model. It wasespecially important during the period of disciplined practice that occurredwhile assimilating the patterning from the source of the patterning as well asthe imitative practice that led to mastery of the patterns.

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Whispering In The Wind

John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John and Carmen Enterprises
2001-12-31



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