ÃÏ¿Þ¤ÏÅÚÃϤ½¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡ÖɽÁع½Â¤¡¢¿¼Áع½Â¤¡×

¸½ºß¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Îɽ¾Ý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡Ê¥â¥Ç¥ë¡Ë¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¡¢¤â¤Ã¤È¤âÅ°Ä줷¤¿¸¦µæ¤¬¹Ô¤Ê¤ï¤ì¡¢¤â¤Ã¤È¤âÍý²ò¤¬¿Ê¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ï¡¢¼«Á³¸À¸ì¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£À¸À®Ê¸Ë¡¤Ï¿Í´Ö¤Î¸À¸ì¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¤â¤Ã¤È¤â´°À®¤µ¤ì¤¿ÌÀ¼¨Åª·Á¼°¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£À¸À®Ê¸Ë¡¤ò¸¦µæ¤¹¤ë³Ø¼Ô¤¿¤Á¤Ï¡¢¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë¸À¸ì¤Ë¶¦Ä̤¹¤ë¤³¤Îɽ¾Ý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤Ê¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«Æ³¤­½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤·¤¿¤¬¤Ã¤Æ¡¢À¸À®Ê¸Ë¡¤Ï¥á¥¿¡¦¥â¥Ç¥ë¡¢¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢¸À¸ì¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ì¡ÊÌõÃð¡Öɽ¾Ý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡×¤Ï¡¢¡Öɽ¾ÝÂηϡסÖɽ½ÐÂηϡסÖÂåɽ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡×Åù¤È¤âÌõ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Í¡£

À¸À®Ê¸Ë¡³Ø¼Ô¤¿¤Á¤Ï¡¢¿Í´Ö¤¬¥³¥ß¥å¥Ë¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¼è¤ê¼«Á³¸À¸ì¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¼¨¤¹Ä¾´ÑŪÃγФò¡¢ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ëɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¤¿¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤¢¤é¤æ¤ë¼«Á³¸À¸ì¤Î¤¤¤«¤Ê¤ë¥»¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥¹¤Ë¤â¡¢¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¶èÊ̤Ǥ­¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬¤Õ¤¿¤Äɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¡Ö¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëʹ¤³¤¨¤ë¤«¡×¡Ê½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤ë¤«¡Ë¤òɽ¤ï¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢É½Áع½Â¤¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¡¢º£¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Ï¡¢¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤òɽ¤ï¤¹¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢¿¼Áع½Â¤¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢Ã¯¤«¤¬¼¡¤Î¥»¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥¹¤ò¸À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤è¤¦¡£

The window was broken.
Á륬¥é¥¹¤¬³ä¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£

ɽÁع½Â¤¤Ï¡¢Ï䷼꤬ȯ¤·¤¿¼ÂºÝ¤Î²»¤¬É½¸½¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢½ñ¤«¤ì¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ê¤é¡¢¾åµ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëɽµ­¤µ¤ì¤¿Ê¸»ú¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¤³¤Î¥»¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥¹¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤Î¤â¤Ä°ÕÌ£¤È¤¤¤¦¤â¤¦¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Îɽ¸½¡Ý¿¼Áع½Â¤¡Ý¤È¤â·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Î¿¼Áع½Â¤¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëɽ¤ï¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

PAST¡ÊBREAK [someone, window, with something] ¡Ë
²áµî¡Ê³ä¤ë [狼¤¬¡¢Á륬¥é¥¹¤ò¡¢²¿¤«¤Ç] ¡Ë


¤³¤Î¿¼Áع½Â¤¤Îɽ¼¨¤Ï¡¢±Ñ¸ì¤òÊì¸ì¤È¤¹¤ë¼Ô¤¬¤â¤Äľ´ÑŪÃγФòɽ¤ï¤¹¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤Î¤Ç¡¢»ä¤¿¤Á¤¬¾åµ­¤ÎɽÁع½Â¤¤ò¼ª¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤È°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

(a) Some event occurred in the past;
¡¡¡¡¤Ê¤ó¤é¤«¤Î½ÐÍè»ö¤¬²áµî¤Ëµ¯¤­¤¿¡£
(b) The event was complex event;
¡¡¡¡¤½¤Î½ÐÍè»ö¤ÏÊ£¹çŪ¤Ê¤â¤Î¤À¤Ã¤¿¡£
(c) It consisted of the following parts:
¡¡¡¡¤½¤Î½ÐÍè»ö¤Ï°Ê²¼¤ÎÉôʬ¤«¤éÀ®¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£

An action, break, which occurred between:
¡¡¡Ö³ä¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô°Ù¤¬°Ê²¼¤Î»°¼Ô¤Î´Ö¤ÇȯÀ¸¤·¤¿¡£

a. ¼çÂΡÊThe agent¡Ë
¡Ýsome person or thing doing the breaking, here represented by somone, and
¡¡¡¡³ä¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô°Ù¤ò¤·¤¿¿Í¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢Êª¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö狼¤¬¡×¤Èɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

b. ÂоݡÊThe object¡Ë
¡Ýsome person or thing being broken, here represented by the window, and
¡¡¡¡³ä¤ì¤¿¾õÂ֤ˤʤäƤ¤¤ë¿Í¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢Êª¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡ÖÁ륬¥é¥¹¤ò¡×¤Èɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

c. ¼êÃÊ¡ÊThe instrument¡Ë
¡Ýthe thing used to do the breaking, here represented by with something.
¡¡¡¡³ä¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô°Ù¤ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤¿Êª¡£¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡Ö²¿¤«¤Ç¡×¤Èɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

ÃíÌܤ·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¤Î¤Ï¡¢¤¿¤È¤¨¿¼Áع½Â¤¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥Ñ¡¼¥Ä¤¬É½Áع½Â¤¤Ëɽ¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ç¤â¡Ý¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¼çÂΤȼêÃʤ¬É½¸½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡Ý±Ñ¸ì¤òÊì¸ì¤È¤¹¤ë¿Í¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î¥»¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥¹¤ÎÍý²ò¤Ë»È¤¨¤ë¾ðÊó¤ò¤³¤ì¤À¤±¤â¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£The window was broken ¡ÖÁ륬¥é¥¹¤¬³ä¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥»¥ó¥Æ¥ó¥¹¤Ï¡¢±Ñ¸ì¤òÊì¸ì¤È¤¹¤ë¿Í¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢Á륬¥é¥¹¤¬³ä¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ê¤¯¡¢¡Ö狼¡×¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡Ö²¿¤«¡×¤¬¡¢¡Ö²¿¤«¤Ç¡×Á륬¥é¥¹¤ò³ä¤Ã¤¿¤Ë°ã¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤â°Å¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢É½Áع½Â¤¤Ï¤½¤ì¤È·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤¤¤¿¿¼Áع½Â¤¤Î°ÕÌ£¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¤ï¤±¤À¤¬¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ê¤ë¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ·Á¸À¸ì³Ø¼Ô¤¬¸¦µæ¤¹¤ëÎΰè¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¸À¸ì³Ø¼Ô¤¿¤Á¤Ï¡¢ÊÑ·Á¡Êtransformations¡Ë¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤ë·Á¼°¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤ë°ìÏ¢¤Î¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥°Áàºî¤ò²¾Äꤷ¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¿¼Áع½Â¤¤ÈɽÁع½Â¤¤Î°ã¤¤¤òÀµ³Î¤Ëµ¬Äꤹ¤ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤Ò¤È¤Ä¤Î¿¼Áع½Â¤¤ò¤½¤ÎɽÁع½Â¤¤Ë¤Ä¤Ê¤°Á´¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ÏÇÉÀ¸¡Êderivation¡Ë¤È¸Æ¤Ð¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¢¨¿Þ

ɽÁع½Â¤¤È¿¼Áع½Â¤¤È¤Î³Æ´Ø·¸¤òɽ¤ï¤¹ÌÀ¼¨Åª·Á¼°¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¡¢¾å½Ò¤·¤¿¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ë´ð¤Å¤¤¤Æºî¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡ÊºÅ̲¤ÎÃæ¤ÇȯÀ¸¤¹¤ë̵°Õ¼±¤Î¸À¸ì½èÍý¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤³¤Î½ÅÍפʶèÊ̤ò·ç¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¡Ë¡£¤æ¤¨¤Ë¡¢ÊÑ·Á¸À¸ì³Ø¼Ô¤¿¤Á¤Ï¿Í´Ö¹ÔÆ°¤Î¶²¤í¤·¤¯Ê£»¨¤Ê°ìÎΰè¤ò¼è¤ê¾å¤²¡¢¤½¤Î·Á¼°¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤Î¸À¸ì¤òÊì¸ì¤È¤¹¤ë¿Í¤Ó¤È¤¬Ä¾´ÑŪ¤Ë¼¨¤¹¡Ý¤·¤«¤·°Õ¼±Åª¤Ë¤ÏÍý²ò¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡Ý¹ÔÆ°¥ë¡¼¥ë¤òÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ëɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

Ãø¼Ô¡Ê¥Ð¥ó¥É¥é¡¼¡¿¥°¥ê¥ó¥À¡¼¡Ë¤Ïľ´ÑŪÃγФòÌÀ³Î¤Ê·Á¤Ë¤¹¤ë¼êË¡¤ò³èÍѤ·¡¢¿´ÍýÎÅË¡¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¸ÀÍդΤä¤ê¼è¤ê¤òɽ¤ï¤¹ÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ê·Á¼°¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤·¤Æ¤­¤¿¡£»ä¤¿¤Á¤¬¹Ô¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢¿´ÍýÎÅË¡³ÆÇɤÎͭǽ¤Ê¥»¥é¥Ô¥¹¥È¤¬¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ç»È¤¦Ä¾´ÑŪÃγСÝÅö¿Í¤Ïɬ¤º¤·¤â¤½¤ì¤ò°Õ¼±¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡Ý¤ò°ìÄê¤Î·Á¤Çɽ¤ï¤¹¤³¤È¤À¤Ã¤¿¡Ê¥»¥é¥Ô¡¼¤Î¤³¤Î¥á¥¿¡¦¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¡¢¡ØËâ½Ñ¤Î¹½Â¤¡ÙÂè­µÉô¤Ç¤¿¤Ã¤×¤êÀâÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ë¡£

»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ï¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò·ÁÀ®¤¹¤ë¼«Ê¬¤¿¤Á¤Î¥Æ¥¯¥Ë¥Ã¥¯¤ò»È¤¤¡¢¿Í´Ö¤¬»È¤¦Â¾¤Îɽ¾Ý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤âõµæ¤·Íý²ò¤·¤Æ¡¢¿Í´Ö¤ÎÂ賤òÂηϲ½¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤òÁϤ¤·¤¿¡£¤½¤Î¸å¡¢¤³¤¦¤·¤¿¿¨±¿Æ°³Ð¤ä»ë³Ð¡¢Ä°³Ð¡¢Ó̳С¢Ì£³Ð¤Ë¾ÇÅÀ¤ò¹Ê¤Ã¤¿Âθ³¥Þ¥Ã¥×¤ò´ðÈפȤ·¤Æ³èÍѤ·¡¢¥»¥é¥Ô¡¼¡¦¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò³ÈÂ礷¤Æ¤¤¤Ã¤¿¡£¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ï¤­¤ï¤á¤Æ¶½Ì£¿¼¤¯¡¢¤«¤Ä¡¢Í­ÍѤÀ¤Ã¤¿¡£
¡Ê¥ß¥ë¥È¥ó¡¦¥¨¥ê¥¯¥½¥ó¤ÎºÅ̲¥Æ¥¯¥Ë¥Ã¥¯­µ[¸À¸ì¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥óÊÔ]p.6-9¤è¤ê¡Ë

1515960












To this date, the most thoroughly studied and best understood of the human representational systems (models) is natural language. Transformational grammaris explicit, formal, and the most complete model of human language systems.Transformational grammarians have extracted some of the patterns of thisrepresentational system which are common to all languages. Therefore, transformational grammar is a Meta-model; that is, a model of model, or a model of language.

Transformational grammarians have built an explicit representation of theintuitions which people demonstrate when communicating and understanding naturallanguage. For example, each sentence of every natural language has two distinctrepresentations: the representation of the way it actually sounds (or, if written,by the way it actually appears) called the Surface Structure, and the representation of its meaning without our conscious awareness. which is called the Deep Structure. When a person utters the sentence:


The window was broken.

 

The Surface Structure is the representation of the actual sounds made by the person speaking or, in the case of a written representation, the words written outabove. In addition to this representation, this sentence is associated withanother representation which is the meaning it has ¡Ý Deep Structure. In this case, the DeepStructure can be represented as:

 

PAST (BREAK [someone, window, withsomething])

 

This Deep Structure representation is designed to capture the intuitions which eachof us have as native speakers of English when we hear the Surface Structure presented above. We understand that:

 

(a) Some event occurred in the past;

(b) The event was a complex event;

(c) It consisted of the following parts:

 

Anaction, break, which occurred between:


a.The agent
¡Ýsome person or thingdoing the breaking, here represented by someone, and


b.The object
¡Ýsome person or thingbeing broken, here represented by the window, and


c.The instrument
¡Ýthe thing used to do the breaking, here represented by with something.

 

Noticethat, even though not all of the parts of the Deep Structure represented appearin the Surface Structure (in this case the agent and the instrument are not represented in the Surface Structure), the native speaker of English has that information available in his understanding of the sentence. The statement The window wasbroken implies to native speakers that not only was the window broken but someone or something had to break the window with something. The waysin which Surface Structures can differ from their associated Deep Structure meanings is the research domain of transformational linguists. They have postulateda series of formal mapping operations called transformations which preciselyspecify how Deep and Surface Structures may differ. The entire process which links a Deep Structure to its Surface Structure(s) is called derivation (see page 10).

 

Explicit, formal models of each Surface Structure¡ÝDeep Structure relationship can be made on the above model. (Youmust make this important distinction in order to understand the unconscious processing of language that occurs in hypnosis.) Transformational linguists,therefore, have taken an incredibly complex area of human behavior and built aformal model of it which explicitly represents the rules of behavior which are intuitively demonstrated, although not consciously understood, by native speakers of that language.

 

The authors (Bandler/Grinder) have used the approach of formalizing intuitions tobuild an explicit, formal model of the language exchange in psychotherapy. Whatwe did was to create a formal representation of the intuitions which effective therapists from every school of psychotherapy use in their work, although theyare not necessarily conscious of it. (This Meta-model of therapy is fully explained in 'The Structure of Magic I'.)

 

We used our formalization techniques to explore and understand the other representational systems used by human beings to organize and create models oftheir experience. These kinesthetic, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatorymaps of experience were then used as a basis to expand our model of therapy.The results were both fascinating and useful.

¡ÊPatterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson, M.D. Volume­µ, p.6-9¡Ë










NLP¶¦Æ±Áϻϼԥ¸¥ç¥ó¡¦¥°¥ê¥ó¥À¡¼Çî»ÎǧÄê¹»
¥Ë¥å¡¼¥³¡¼¥ÉNLP¥¹¥¯¡¼¥ë
¥í¥´¥Þ¡¼¥¯








µ­»öÅê¹ÆÆü¡§2022/06/28