Logical Tyoes and Logical Levels


As mentioned in the text immediately above, there has been little or no attention until present given to making ordering relationships explicit within NLP practice. Without such an explicit discussion, work in NLP is significantly flawed ¡Ý thus, the care with which the issue, for example, of hierarchies was presented. In that discussion as well as in Part­µ, Epistemology, we developed the notion of several possible ordering relationships operating in hierarchies: more specifically, part/whole hierarchical orderings and what we referred to as logical level hierarchical orderings.

ľÁ°¤Îʸ¾Ï¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¸½ºß¤Þ¤Ç¡¢NLP¤Î¼ÂÁ©¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ½ç½ø´Ø·¸¤òÌÀ³Î¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤¢¤ë¤¤¤ÏÁ´¤¯Ãí°Õ¤¬Ê§¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÌÀ³Î¤ÊµÄÏÀ¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢NLP¤Îºî¶È¤Ë¤ÏÂ礭¤Ê·ç´Ù¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹ ¡¼ Î㤨¤Ð¡¢³¬ÁؤÎÌäÂ꤬Ä󼨤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥±¥¢¤Ç¤¹¡£¡ÊPart­µ¤Îǧ¼±ÏÀ¤ÈƱÍͤˡ¢¡Ë¤³¤ÎµÄÏÀ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¢»ä
¤¿¤Á¤Ï¡¢³¬ÁؤÇÆ°ºî¤¹¤ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î½ç½ø´Ø·¸¤Î³µÇ°¤ò³«È¯¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¤è¤ê¶ñÂÎŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢Éôʬ¡¿Á´Âγ¬Áؽç½ø¤È¡¢ÏÀÍý¥ì¥Ù¥ë³¬Áؽç½ø¤È»ä¤¿¤Á¤¬¸Æ¤Ö¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹¡£
¡Ê¡ÖÉ÷¤ÎÃæ¤Î¤µ¤µ¤ä¤­¡×p.291-292¡Ë

------------------------------------------------------

Logical Levels


For any two (or more) arbitrary elements in a tree structure (hierarchy) generated by logical inclusion, a and b, say, element a will be said to be at a a higher logical level than b just in case a contains b in one of its partitions below a in the hierarchy.


¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Äa¡Ä

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Äb¡Ä¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Äc¡Ä



Logical inclusion itself is a well-defined ordering relationship specified by the two properties of constriction and inheritability (see Part­µ, Epistemology and Part­· and Chunking/Logical Levels for a fuller persentation):

1. constriction - reduced coverage under each successive partition induced by relative clause formation

2. inheritability - the preservation of the set membership criteria under partition by relative clause formation

This usage seems to accord well with the conventional use of the word level with its accompanying suggestion of a visual display¡Ýnamely, a vertically oriented ordering¡Ýa hierarchy.

ÏÀÍýŪÊñ´Þ¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÀ¸À®¤µ¤ì¤¿¼ù·Á¹½Â¤¤ÎǤ°Õ¤Î£²¤Ä¡Ê¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¤½¤ì°Ê¾å¡Ë¤ÎÍ×ÁÇ¡¢Î㤨¤Ð a ¤È b ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¡¢³¬ÁØÆâ¤Î a ¤è¤ê²¼¤Îʬ³ä¡Ê
partition¡Ë¤Î£±¤Ä¤Ë b ¤¬´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Î¤ß¡¢Í×ÁÇ a ¤Ï b ¤è¤ê¤â¹â¤¤ÏÀÍý¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤È¸À¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Äa¡Ä

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Äb¡Ä¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Äc¡Ä


ÏÀÍýŪÊñ´Þ¡ÊLogical inclusion¡Ë¼«ÂΤϡ¢¼ý½Ì¡Êconstriction¡Ë¤È·Ñ¾µÀ­¡Êinheritability¡Ë¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÎÆÃÀ­¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆÌÀ³Î¤Ëµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤¿½ç½ø´Ø·¸¤Ç¤¹¡£¡Ê¤è¤ê½¼¼Â¤·¤¿¥×¥ì¥¼¥ó¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï¡¢Part­µÇ§¼±ÏÀ¡¢Part­·¤ª¤è¤Ó¥Á¥ã¥ó¥­¥ó¥°¡¿ÏÀÍý¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ò»²¾È¡Ë

£±¡¥¼ý½Ì¡¼ÁêÂÐŪ¤Ê¶ç¤Î·ÁÀ®¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆͶƳ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎϢ³Ū¤Êʬ³ä¤Î²¼¤Ç¤ÎÈϰϤθº¾¯
£²¡¥·Ñ¾µÀ­¡¼ÁêÂÐŪ¤Ê¶ç¤Î·ÁÀ®¤Ë¤è¤ëʬ³ä¤Î²¼¤Ç¤Î½¸¹ç¤ÎÍ×ÁǤǤ¢¤ë¤³¤È¤Î´ð½à¤ÎÊÝ»ý

¤³¤Î»ÈÍÑË¡¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤ËÉտ魯¤ë»ë³ÐŪɽ¼¨¡¼¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¿âľÊýË¡¤Î½ç½øÉÕ¤±¡¼³¬ÁؤÎÄó°Æ¤È¤È¤â¤Ë¡¢½¾Íè¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդλÈÍѤȤ褯°ìÃפ¹¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë»×¤ï¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
¡Ê¡ÖÉ÷¤ÎÃæ¤Î¤µ¤µ¤ä¤­¡×p.294-295¡Ë


------------------------------------------------------

Hierarcies formed on the part/whole relationship are very different creatures than hierarchies generated by logical inclusion. The reduced scope principle ¡Ý constriction ¡Ý seems to be inverted ¡Ý that is, in general, the further down a hierarchy specified by the part/whole relationship you go, the larger the scope, the greater the coverage of events by the sets enumerated. Sets lower in the hierarchy have more members than those above them. There is no clear generalizatoin with respect to the inheritability requirement that we have been able to formulate. It seems that presently transparent to us.

Éôʬ¡¿Á´Âδط¸¤Ç·Áºî¤é¤ì¤ë³¬ÁؤÏÏÀÍýŪÊñ´Þ¤ÇÀ¸¤ß½Ð¤µ¤ì¤ë³¬ÁؤÈÁ´¤¯°Û¤Ê¤Ã¤¿Â¸ºß¤Ç¤¹¡£ÈϰϤ¬¶¹¤Þ¤ë¸¶Â§¡¼¼ý½Ì¡¼¤ÏµÕ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¸«¤¨¤Þ¤¹¡£¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢°ìÈÌŪ¤Ë¸À¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Éôʬ¡¿Á´Âδط¸¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æµ¬Äꤵ¤ì¤ë³¬Áؤβ¼¤Ë¹Ô¤¯¤Ë¤Ä¤ì¤Æ¡¢ÈϰϤϹ­¤¬¤ê¡¢Îóµó¤µ¤ì¤¿½¸¹ç¤Î»ö¾Ý¤ÎÂоݤÏÂ礭¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£³¬ÁؤΤè¤ê²¼¤Î½¸¹ç¤Ï¾å¤Î½¸¹ç¤è¤êÍ×ÁǤ¬Â¿¤¤¤Ç¤¹¡£¸ø¼°²½¤Ç¤­¤ë·Ñ³À­¤ÎɬÍ×¾ò·ï¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢ÌÀ¤é¤«¤Ë°ìÈ̲½¤Ç¤­¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£¤½¤ì¡Ê·Ñ³À­¡Ë¤¬É½¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë¤Ï¡¢²¿¤«¤Î¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤Ê¤·¤Ëµ¯¤³¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£³Î¤«¤Ë¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥Ñ¥¿¡¼¥ó¤âº£¤Î¤È¤³¤í»ä¤¿¤Á¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤ÆÆ©²áŪ¡ÊÌõÃí¡§Â¸ºß¤ò°Õ¼±¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¤è¤¤¡Ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¡Ê¡ÖÉ÷¤ÎÃæ¤Î¤µ¤µ¤ä¤­¡×p.333¡Ë


John&Carmen

















Amazon:

Whispering In The Wind
John Grinder
Carmen Bostic St. Clair
John & Carmen Enterprise
2001-12-31






NLP¶¦Æ±Áϻϼԥ¸¥ç¥ó¡¦¥°¥ê¥ó¥À¡¼Çî»ÎǧÄê¹»
¥Ë¥å¡¼¥³¡¼¥ÉNLP¥¹¥¯¡¼¥ë
¥í¥´¥Þ¡¼¥¯








µ­»ö¹¹¿·Æü¡§2022/06/03